... upon. © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 7 To aid start-up operations in remote dry tree systems, pressurisation from wet gas condensate (WGC) downstream pipelines can be considered. Topsides pressurisation from multiphase systems presents particular challenges with respect to the following: Low...

.... These conditions may lead to surges, which are too large to be handled by production facilities and may lead to an early abandonment of the pipeline with the connected well(s). © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 23 1 INTRODUCTION In offshore production, hydrocarbons in multiphase flow i.e. gas, condensate/oil...

... conditions and predicted changes in the subsea system and slug catchers for the next few hours. All operations (e.g. shut-in, restart or ramp-up) can be simulated in advance. This ensures safe and optimized operation of the complex Ormen Lange production systems. © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 45 2...

... Standard cubic feet per day SM3 Standard cubic meter SS Sub Sea/ Manifold STBD Standard barrel per day © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 33 1 INTRODUCTION System shutdown and restart from time to time are inevitable in offshore operations due to factors such as repair, routine maintenance, unfavorable weather...

...-hydraulic, network solver primarily for the upstream oil and gas industry, although it can be used for any steady state pipeline simulation (1). © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 61 Maximus has a built-in link to the PVT package Multiflash (2), through which it is easy to calculate the phase behaviour...

... sampling techniques are suggested. © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 77 Recent literature on the prediction of uncertainties in multiphase simulators serves to raise industry awareness of this important topic. A review of various methodologies was given by Cremaschi et al. (6) which summarized several common...

... in the pipeline, the Darcy model provided the best prediction. enhanced recovery bhr group 2013 pipeline paraffin remediation production control mixture velocity scale remediation dynamic test complex reservoir wax remediation bitumen drilling fluids and materials heavy oil transportation...

... gokcal prediction production logging liquid viscosity artificial intelligence horizontal pipe high viscosity liquid production monitoring viscosity liquid schulke gas flow superficial velocity bhr group 2013 production control pipe reservoir surveillance correlation Slug frequency...

... stream after either expected or un-expected shut-in. © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 119 During a shut-in period, the fluid in pipelines or wells may experience the following physical processes depending on the system specifications and the length of the shut-in period: Cooling of fluid in the system...

... upstream oil & gas stratified flow production logging experiment production monitoring correlation pipe friction factor prediction reservoir surveillance bhr group 2013 slug flow multiphase flow liquid viscosity fraction pressure drop holdup production control viscosity oil turbulent...

... bhr group 2013 fresh water low spot jumper meg upstream oil & gas hydrate liquid load brine low velocity flow assurance Hydrate inhibitor displacement experiments in jumper-like pipe configurations E Dellecase, S Mele Solano1, H Lu, M Volk The University of Tulsa, USA 1Now with MSI...

... regenerated by simple evaporation and the resulting lean MEG then stored before being pumped back offshore through the 4inch piggy-back pipeline. © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 165 Figure 1: Layout of Atlantic and Cromarty offshore facilities PRODUCTION HISTORY Shortly after initial start-up, flow...

... to determine the THI volumes for injection and regeneration as well as for developing the hydrate prevention strategy and operating procedures. © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 179 INTRODUCTION Gas hydrates are ice-like solids [1] with light hydrocarbons (i.e. methane) or other small gas molecules trapped inside...

... the design from Concept to Execution, noting the key technological advances and design philosophy that underpinned this successful project. inhibition bhr group 2013 hydrate khi performance qualification program induction time pipeline flow assurance gas hydrate kinetic hydrate inhibitor...

... et al. (2011) who simulated the transition between stratified flow and slug flow using the CMFD code (TransAT of ASCOMP GmbH, 2010), combining the Level Set method for interface tracking and LES/VLES for turbulence. © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 203 2 NUMERICAL TOOL 2.1 Two-fluid Reynolds-averaged...

... production monitoring liquid entrainment correlation artificial intelligence standard deviation reservoir surveillance bhr group 2013 upstream oil & gas flow pattern pressure gradient correlation equation mechanistic model relative performance index production control gomez model...

... are higher in the bend than those predicted in the horizontal section. The wall © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 229 shear stress around the bend was examined for variations in the flow development. The maximum water shear stress in the bend varied with time but this trend was not present in the horizontal...

... simulation reservoir surveillance simulation pressure profile equation taylor bubble bhr group 2013 production monitoring production control interface upstream oil & gas multiphase 16 pressure distribution mean velocity pressure variation spool Behaviour of slug flow and pressure force...

... below on the basis of steady-state simulations performed with a thoroughly validated, © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 267 commercial simulator, using fluid compositions and conditions from operating assets or on-going field developments. The liquid holdup is the main focus here. The sensitivity...

... discoveries mostly involve tougher environments and more marginal fields. The HORIZON JIP was initiated in 2004 to address these problems, acquire the new basic knowledge, develop models and implement them in the simulation software used by the industry. © BHR Group 2013 Multiphase 16 283 Traditionally, 1D...