Optimal control techniques can oversee the power take-off (PTO) operation of wave energy converters to ensure that the overall power output is maximized, but optimization in real time poses difficulties given the wave variability and the underlying constraints of the system. This study examines model predictive control approaches that utilize a model of the hydrodynamics of the wave energy converter and the dynamics of a hydraulic PTO system. The impact of leveraging linear and nonlinear models of the dynamics in the optimization and the role of constraints on the wave energy converter performance are explored for irregular wave conditions.
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