... and loads of downstream turbines. INTRODUCTION Wind energy is a critical component of the growing renewable green energy industrial sector within the offshore energy sector. Generally, lower ocean surface roughness is related with increasing mean wind speeds. Wind resources are more plentiful in deep...

..., and this is also known as the wake effect. This wake effect could potentially increase fatigue loading on the downstream turbines while reducing their power extraction from the wind. Therefore, to minimize the energy loss within wind farms, a detailed understanding of wind turbine wakes is of particular interest...

... source term coefficient upstream turbine drag coefficient turbine actuator line method downstream turbine social responsibility reservoir simulation ocean energy rotor tidal turbine sustainable development geometry method geometry simulation thrust coefficient experimental result...