... condition freshwater ice calibration diameter osis-ihi ice thickness mackinaw validation lau coefficient flexural strength Proceedings of the Thirty-first (2021) International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference www.isope.org Rhodes, Greece, June 20 25, 2021 Copyright © 2021...

..., please refer to Lau (2021a). Simulation of Mackinaw in Model Test Condition The manager of the Mackinaw model test project identified representative sea-trial runs for a case-by-case modeling in OCRE-RC's ice basin. These include three runs in 0.493 m freshwater ice conducted on March 5, 2007 and two...

...; thickness of ice; dimensions of fields and fragments; ice concentration; compression of ice; extent of ice failure; hummocking; thickness of snow. Sea ice is composed crystals of freshwater ice, brine, insoluble salts and air inclusions. Deformation and failure of ice due to its structure...

... strain rate boundary condition freshwater ice upstream oil & gas strength node indentation dashpot displacement fracture Proceedings of the Ninth (1999) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Brest, France, May 30-June 4, 1999 Copyright © 1999 by The International Society...

... on these tests, the "hydrodynamic model" of impact on ice was developed. coefficient displacement equation hydrodynamic model maximum ice load freshwater ice pressure distribution nrc data projectile mass prediction impact velocity projectile contact area ice load test data ice impact...

... laboratory tests conducted by Joensuu & Riska (1989), Sodhi (1989) and Kama & Muhonen (1990). turunen ice-induced vibration ice force strength equation relative displacement indentation test interaction freshwater ice ice floe technical research centre structural response channel...