... properties, and can effectively avoid the decomposition of hydrates during cementing construction. INTRODUCTION Although marine oil and gas resources are plentiful, the low temperature and high pressure in deep water areas can cause hydrate layers to form on the shallow layers of the seafloor (Armstrong...

... Abstract A low temperature curable resin gelling system was developed to meet the requirements of deep water shallow hydrate layer cementing. The test shows that the system has obvious characteristics of right-angle thickening at 20°C ~ 40°C, and the compressive strength at low temperature...

... ABSTRACT The Messoyakha Gas Field is located in Siberian permafrost. The field has been described as a free gas zone, overlaid by hydrate layer and underlain by an aquifer of unknown strength. The field was put on production in 1970 and has produced intermittently since then. Some...

... area fall in the range of 2 degrees to 5 degrees. Calculations show the possibility of seafloor failures at Blake Ridge even for slope angles of 2 degrees depending on the thickness of the hydrate layer. This is consistent with reported seafloor slope failures at the Blake Ridge. A large geographical...

... hydrate layer carbon dioxide hydrate molecule reaction intensity methane hydrate replacement reaction raman spectra flow assurance vibration methane gas conversion upstream oil & gas raman spectroscopy hydrate ABSTRACT In this paper, we present experimental arguments...

... dioxide to the liquid droplets. We have presented a theoretical approach for estimating hydrate formation on the surface of a cold carbon dioxide bail sinking through seawater, and the subsequent formation of ice on the hydrate layer. The hydrate layer will be very thin and has no effect on the later...

..., 1992), heat transfer (Gumerov, 1991, 1992), and the state of the hydrate layer such as "mobile" (Topham, 1984), or "snow-like" (Gumerov, 1991), and "ice-like" (Nigmatulin et al, 1991). reaction liquid hydrate fonnation concentration experiment gumerov collapse time gas hydrate hydrate...

... If a multiphase subsea pipeline has to shut-in at high pressure, conditions may after some time be favorable for hydrate formation. A thin hydrate layer is then formed on the oil/water interphase. However, addition of a low dosage hydrate inhibitor to avoid problems may result in a plugged...

... and water is examined in a transparent test section at low pressure. The experiments conducted have shown that the formation of hydrates starts on the pipe wall. For certain flow condition~ the whole perimeter of the pipe wall is covered by hydrates and a solid hydrate layer is achieved. The thickness...

..., nucleation of the hydrate crystals occurs dUring which rt IS assumed that a thin layer of hydrate IS present. The nucleation process is followed by hydrate growth. The growth of the hydrate layer is Illustrated in Figure 2. The nucleation IS a random process that is difficult to model. It may occur...