... ABSTRACT Polymetallic nodules include useful metals such as cobalt, nickel, copper, and manganese, and are expected to be economic deep-sea mineral resources in the future. The Metal Mining Agency of Japan (the Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security at present) has performed studies...

... ABSTRACT A numerical and experimental investigation has been done to understand the critical suction height (h) and flow influenced area around the Polymetallic nodules (PMNs) for hydraulic collection of the PMNs. The experimental investigation was carried out by using an educator driven...

... ABSTRACT Box corer (BC) sampling is a well-known method in exploration of deep-sea polymetallic (manganese) nodules. This paper presents the results of monitoring the behavior of BC in a 2018 survey cruise in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone, Central Pacific Ocean. In particular, the sensor data...

... Abstract Ocean consists of rich mineral resources of polymetallic nodules which lies in deep sea bed at a depth of 5000-6000 m water depth. The polymetallic ores are in the size ranges from 3-7 cm in Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) with various distribution in shape and size, size reduction...

...ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Mining of polymetallic nodules from the oceans, found in mineable abundance and mineral quality on the abyssal plain of the oceans at depths of 4000–6000 m, has found renewed interest with the growing demand for cobalt, nickel, copper and REEs. The harvested nodules...

... particle material in the vertical pipe. Xia et al. (1997) founded a calculating model to predict and optimize the hydraulic lifting parameters of a manganese nodule mining system. production monitoring hydraulic fracturing production control artificial intelligence concentration reservoir...

...ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Nodule pick-up methods used in hydraulic collecting for deep sea mining have significant effects on pick-up efficiency and environmental disturbance. In this paper, three kinds of nodule pick-up methods are investigated and compared in the differences between collecting...

... are the accurate positioning together with the acquisition of related geological and physicochemical parameters, and in-situ and intact ferromanganese samples for analyses. During the dives we observed wide-spread and mostly continuous cover of hydrogenetic ferromanganese crust deposits (crusts and nodules...

... xenophyophore ccz metals & mining intermediate-size nodule fauna examination filament morphology richness polymetallic nodule bottom surface nodule shipboard observation mat nodule fauna fauna clarion-clipperton zone foraminifera gooday morphospecy large-size nodule fauna...

... reference data for the pilot test and the commercial realization. The hydrodynamic resistance of skips obtained from single skip test can explore the main composition of water resistance. INTRODUCTION Polymetallic nodules are found on the deep-seabed of oceans worldwide. With the decrease of land...

... scales. We discuss here the parameters controlling the variability. KEY WORDS: Ferromanganese, crust, nodule, hydrogenetic, seamount, northwestern Pacific, geology INTRODUCTION We have observed the occurrence of the ferromanganese oxide deposits in the Northwestern Pacific basins, and described...

... A preliminary study of the relation between topographic features and the distribution of polymetallic nodules in Japanese License Area, Central Pacific Keisuke Nishi, Akira Koizumi, Akira Tsune, and Soichiro Tanaka Deep Ocean Resources Development Co., Ltd. (DORD) Chuoh-ku, Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT...

... as empirical equations using dimensionless quantities. INTRODUCTION The world's growing economy demands more mineral extracted from the ocean. This demand requires the development of the deep-ocean mining technology. Polymetallic nodules are deposited over the ocean floor at water depth of 4,000~6,000 m...

... ABSTRACT Article presents the methodology for operational research on the polymetallic nodules mining value chain and the assessment of crucial factors influencing its feasibility. Value chain has been analyzed and boundary assumptions having a substantial influence on the decision making...

... Abstract For continuously-taken seafloor photographs of polymetallic nodule, automatic procedures of image processing and subsequent treatment of a vast amount of data have been developed for estimating parameters representing distribution of polymetallic nodules such as sizes, numbers...

... ABSTRACT Experiments have been performed to study the differences of the flow characteristics between real and artificial manganese nodules-water mixture and synthetic nodules-water. The results show that the hydraulic gradients of the mixtures were almost identical in the case of both...

... mining project, by which manganese nodules are conveyed from the seafloor to the mining ship (Yoon et al., 2001; Chung, 2003). Most of the system is located wider the sea level, which demands its stability and durability more than anything else because of the difficulty in repairing. Also, economical...

... ABSTRACT The lifting technology plays a key role for nodule recovery from deep-sea bed. KIGAM (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) has striven to develop the technology, and recently performs 30 meter scale on-land lifting experiments. In the study, we present the solid-liquid...

... on the basis of the small scale hydraulic pumping experiments. In the pumping system, lifting pipe of 100 mm in diameter and synthetic nodules of 20 mm are used. From the experiments that cover the maximum mixture velocity of 5 m/s, it is confirmed that the larger the velocity and the concentration...

... Cobalt-rich manganese crusts on seamounts and manganese nodules on deep ocean floor have both received attention as future resources for Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn. Lack of information on cobalt-rich manganese crusts has precluded comparisons between the two sources in terms of their technical and economical...