... pile-sleeve offshore oil receiving terminal and has been widely used over the world. connection were used instead of traditional methods. The SPM CALM Configuration consists of a single buoy, a tanker mooring, floating hoses, subsea risers, PLEM and subsea pipeline KEY WORDS: PLEM, Pile Foundation...

... the riser thickness for all the risers and to decrease the radius of curvature for the circular coupled riser in the design stage. fcr equation equivalent stress thickness characteristic ratio water flow riser thickness subsea riser pipeline characteristic ratio offshore upstream oil...