... and was implemented into a commercial finite program. vertical impact trawl board midstream oil & gas impact energy pipeline increase upstream oil & gas internal friction angle indentation depth pipeline pipe-soil interaction impact velocity dent depth lateral impact seabed soil...

... hummocks and icebergs which are extreme ice formations and present the basic and greatest hazard to the subsea line structure. indentation depth calculation hummock impact offshore pipeline probabilistic simulation model configuration sea bottom probability subsea pipeline route artificial...