... the result obtained by numerical analysis to compare support effectiveness of the invert shape and consider a shallow structure. Introduction As its nationwide renewal project, NEXCO (Nippon Expressway Company Ltd.) is examining the countermeasures against heaving in mountain tunnels on highways...

... high and difficult to quantify. In the European Union, the design of any type of structures involved in rock mechanics field must comply with EN-1997 Geotechnical Design (CEN 2004) (EC7). For debris flow countermeasures, EC7 requirements are very difficult to apply in practice since partial safety...

... Abstract To monitor deformation in a road tunnel in service, periodical inspections are performed and countermeasures are taken as needed. Cracking of the permanent lining and heaving of the road surface often occur. However, it is difficult to assess the development of such deformation...

.... Countermeasures are given that are designed to reduce the damage to the buildings. 1 Introduction With the rapid growth of the economy and the scale of the increase in construction in the city, the problem of traffic congestion that is common in Beijing, Shanghai and other big cities has spread to other cities...

... are presented. This leads with appropriate consideration of uncertainties to risk determination and to the description of tools for risk management through active and passive countermeasures, including warning systems. The need for sensitivity analysis is then demonstrated, and final comments address updating...

... stability assessment ancient moon bridge local damage Reservoir Characterization Protection Project foundation reservoir simulation countermeasure research status damage mechanics masonry building calculation model stress centralization Bridge chinese masonry building displacement...