... better and to optimize treatment designs, microseismic monitoring and fracture modeling were performed for pilot wells in key areas. In some reservoirs in the basin, fracture-closure stress sometimes could not be obtained from commonly used pump-in/shut-in tests because pressure decline is extremely slow...

... radi- ally between the core and a steel plate. After a specified time interval, the acid is displaced, closure stress is applied to the core face, and the etched con- ductivity is measured using kerosene as the flowing fluid. It is possible to correlate laboratory- measured, etched conductivities...

... be nonuniformly etched by the acid while the strength of the rock is maintained at high levels to withstand closure stress. At low closure stress, the etched pattern of the fracture face should have a dominant influence on the resulting fracture conductivity as long as the rock strength can with-stand the load...

... fluid ceramic ulw particle conventional proppant walnut-hull ulw proppant field application conductivity test application particle strength strength closure stress flow rate upstream oil & gas conductivity technology update 22 JULY 2004 Flexibility afforded by just-emerging...

... rate upstream oil & gas hydraulic fracturing closure pressure critical flow rate fracturing fluid perforation hydraulic actuator proppant proppant flowback stimulation closure stress proppant distribution flowback fracture platen 32 MARCH 2000 F r a c t u r in g a n d S t im u la...

... completion installation and operations tubular scale strength wormhole conductivity fracture sample etched straight acid emulsion closure stress emulsified acid viscosity emulsified hcl acidizing H P / H T O P E R A T I O N S JUNE 1999 47 Because of their retarded nature, emulsified acids...

... conductivity minifracture fracture model hydraulic fracturing closure stress stress test closure pressure fracture net pressure application in-situ stress fracture geometry T E C H N O L O G Y T O D A Y S E R I E S 944 SEPTEMBER 1997 SUMMARY In-situ stresses define the local forces acting...

... Engineers immobile liquid saturation non-darcy flow coefficient saturation magnitude closure stress fracture hydraulic fracturing proppant flow in porous media upstream oil & gas fluid dynamics cooke permeability hydraulic fracture ottawa sand equation fracturing materials...

... to 0.53 hours or about 17 minutes. The fracture-closure pressure determined from these data was 6,930 psi [47.8 MPa] at the surface, which was equal to 13,000 psi [89.6 MPa] at bottomhole conditions. The value of closure stress gradient (0.95 psi/ft [21.5 kPa/m]) determined from these falloff data...

... tools, such as type curves or reservoir simulators, are required to assess optimum fracture conductivity in these cases. Many factors influence the effective proppant-pack permeability, kf, e.g., proppant type, grain size, effective closure stress acting on the proppant pack and formation face, non...

... performance goals for the well. DESCRIPTION OF REPRESENTATIVE MODELS The simplest methods of proppant selection are in the form of graphs and nomographs. P. 83^ 1 2 1988 1 2 1988 1 2 1988 1 2 1988 1988. Society of Petroleum Engineers closure stress fracturing materials...

... on the undisturbed state of stresses to determine the modified closure stresses. Comparison of these stresses with the bottomhole fluid pressures may be used to estimate fracture onset. Alternatively, a radial-flow analysis can evaluate changes in formation transmissibility, kh/mu, relative to the value...

..... strength, roundness, andfines content), closure stress, drawdown rate, formation properties (i.e., proppant embedment conditions), and properties (i.e., proppant embedment conditions), and resultant propped fracture width. The engineering, principles involved in the selection of-the proper type...

... permeability proppant strength closure stress formation face phase transformation hydraulic fracturing soft formation production decline diatomite belridge oil field fracturing materials fracturing fluid upstream oil & gas matrix physical property quartz reservoir characterization...

...David R. Underdown; Kamalendu Das Summary Much work has focused on developing and evaluating various materials for use as proppants for hydraulic fracturing. Sand is used most often as a fracturing proppant in shallow wells. Deep wells with high closure stresses require a proppant, such as sintered...

... 1983 1 12 1983 1983. Society of Petroleum Engineers flow rate fracture drillstem/well testing complex reservoir nitrogen penneability fluid flow closure stress cross-sectional area washington county different closure stress permeability natural fracture drillstem testing...

... per unit area, the closure stress on the fracture, and the rock strength. per unit area, the closure stress on the fracture, and the rock strength. Introduction Acid fracturing is a technique commonly used to stimulate carbonate reservoirs. Acid, or a fluid containing acid, is injected into a well...

... fracturing partial monolayer Formation Permeability fracture conductivity conductivity new method fracturing fluid concentration gal proppant concentration fracture proppant fracture length closure stress flow capacity proppant bed agent 1 11 1975 1 11 1975 1 11 1975 1...

... greater than 50 percent pressure depleted. Calculated closure stresses on the propped fractures ranged from 5,000 to 9,000 psi. Other pertinent well and treatment data are given in Table 1. pertinent well and treatment data are given in Table 1. Stimulation results previously obtained on comparable...