... concentration. Most closed loops have a chloride concentration less than 50ppm. Typical temperatures encountered in closed loops vary, but in general temperatures are 35 80 °C. Closed loops are constructed mostly with carbon steel, stainless steel, and copper alloys, however the use of aluminum alloys...

...-P coatings is inhibited due to fracture and cracking by the impact of erosive particles in the process streams. This study involves the preparation of graphene incorporated Ni-P coatings by adding various concentrations of graphene in Ni-P plating bath under stirring conditions. The solid particle...

... corrosion inhibitor oil phase composition responsibility retrieval system fraction permission water volume fraction means partition coefficient publication corrosion management concentration water phase rights apparent partition coefficient 16864 Partitioning of Multi-Component Surfactants...

... concentration of iron can release from tubular due to severe corrosion during acid injection, especially for the high-temperature reservoir. Minor iron carbonate could deposit at the initial stage of acid injection due to low the pH of spent acid. However, sever iron carbonate can precipitate when spent acid...

... the highest amount of extrinsic ash and the second highest amount of intrinsic silica. An even higher amount of intrinsic silicon was found in the needles. Determination of the total ash concentration is a somewhat controversial issue in that the conventional approach involves burning the biomass...

... concentration (non-ideality) was investigated on the solubility of FeCO3 layer. After a layer of FeCO3 was formed on a gold coated crystal, NaCl was incrementally added into the solution and the mass change of the FeCO3 layer was measured with an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM). It was found...

... products have product-specific behavior that needs to be identified and captured as input to the model a) Required CI concentration in the water phase [CI]w, should be derived from the CI qualification program and results with a CI injection rate that ensures it. b) Distribution of CI to the water phase...

... Abstract The combination of phosphorus and zinc is mainly used as the carbon steel corrosion inhibitor for cooling water systems in the industrial plants such as petroleum refining or petrochemical plants. Moreover, treatments with high-concentration phosphorous and zinc are also applied...

... of the physicochemical aspects on the corrosion of carbon steels in the high-pressure environments associated with CO2 transmissions pipelines. The effect of flow on the corrosion of X65 carbon steel was investigated in a series of autoclave tests with different combinations of impurity concentrations in supercritical...

... = 4.5) at 25°C. Linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurements were conducted to determine the corrosion rate (CR) over a wide range of CI concentrations, from which surface saturation concentration and surface coverage values were extracted. Kinetic parameters for adsorption (kA, kD, and KAD) were...

...) technique was used to evaluate the environmental hydrogen embrittlement susceptibilities (EHE) of the materials by in-situ charging of hydrogen at a cathodic potential of -1.2VSCE. Microstructural characterization was performed using TEM. Stress and hydrogen concentration distributions at the time...

... lying untapped and speculated to contain high concentrations of CO 2 and H 2 S. 3,4 The exploitation of oil and gas fields containing high concentrations of acid gases requires materials that can perform in harsh environments without failure. These materials need to provide adequate life without...

... concentrations of sulfate (up to 27 mM) that can enhance the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the reservoir. Biological souring is a serious problem in the oil and gas industry because it deteriorates the quality of crude oil and increases both the environmental threat and production cost 2...

... in environments that contain H 2 S, particularly in relation to the susceptibility to sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSC) assisted by H 2 S. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of temperature, H 2 S, and Cl - concentration on the pitting onset of pitting and the likelihood of SSC. Using...

... temperatures up to 80°C. A series of small scale testing were performed to understand the material properties under different conditions (temperature, oil saturation, oil/water concentration etc.). Performance properties of typical high-density polyethylene were benchmarked against a proposed raised...

... to over 99.0 %. The indolizine derivative could display an excellent protection performance at a much lower concentration. Compared with BQC, the active adsorption sites in indolizine derivatives are enhanced and consequently the inhibition is increased. The indolizine derivatives exhibit an enlightening...

... electrochemical activity of these species. flowline corrosion Subsurface Corrosion acetic acid Artificial Intelligence Upstream Oil & Gas Pipeline Corrosion riser corrosion materials and corrosion well integrity weak acid kahyarian mild steel concentration metal surface acid reduction...

... and aggressive process environments. For this purpose, the model calculates the corrosion rates, corrosion potential and repassivation potential as a function of temperature, alkalinity, pH, partial pressure of gases (including H 2 S), and concentrations of various aggressive species. The corrosion rates...

... ABSTRACT The influence of mono ethylene glycol (MEG) on the precipitation of calcium carbonate was investigated at constant supersaturation, 25°C, pH 8.5. Seeded and unseeded experiments were done in aqueous supersaturated calcium carbonate solutions containing MEG over the concentration...

..., and enlarges as well as creates new pores by dissolving the rocks and thus increases the oil recovery [1,2]. In acidization process hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the concentration of 15% is most commonly used [3, 4] because of its economical nature. Unfortunately, acid causes the corrosion of the well pipelines...