... scenario. Since the formation fluid firstly flows through the fracture into the open-hole annular space between formation and the packer liner, then flow along the annular space until meet the frac port on the production pipe, we add a simulation sub-region representing open-hole annular which helps...

... cement chemistry cement formulation casing and cementing Directional Drilling Upstream Oil & Gas rheology parameter displacement low-rate displacement positive result deviation displacement rate drilling operation annular space mud displacement efficiency ERD well cement slurry mud...

... the 5 ½-in. casing as an outer tubing and implemented a 3 ½-in. inner string to create an annular space for isolation. The gelled fluid was pumped into the annular space between the inner tubing string and the original casing to isolate existing perforations in the two stages. After the re-fracturing...