... caused by fluid viscosity increase in spite of the demulsifier injection experienced mainly in winter time. Water droplets are dispersed forming water-oil emulsions which can be extremely stable due to surface tension and particles attaching themselves to the water-oil interface. Typically, a multi stage...

... Abstract Heavy crude oils continue to be a challenge to dehydrate for the Oil & Gas Industry. The traditional remedy to the reduced oil / water density difference, higher crude oil viscosity and often smaller water droplets due to heavy crude oil production techniques, often leads to high...