..., various methods such as renormalization, pressure-solver, and tensor permeability techniques have been proposed. These methods often involve complex computation, like solving partial differential equations (PDEs) or conducting predynamic simulations, making upscaling very timeconsuming and complicated...

... describe an innovative solution which from the outset ensures that-regardless of the reservoir's tectonic complexity and history-a true volumetric restoration may be ultimately produced. We create an accurate, sealed structural model by representing horizons as chronostratigraphic surfaces and ensuring...