... directional drilling drilling fluid density reservoir characterization drilling operation salt-gypsum formation wellbore integrity upstream oil & gas reservoir geomechanics wellbore design mudstone borehole shrinkage creep shrinkage shrinkage rate salt-gypsum layer azimuth...

..., the mudstone was broken, and the sandstone structure was damaged, which was affected by the rock mineral composition and cation exchange capacity. The sandstone interval transit time is decreased, and the attenuation coefficient is increased. The signal amplitude in the frequency domain is significantly...